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Affected CountryForcing Countries/CompaniesSummaryAmount HaitiFranceForced to pay for “lost property” (slaves and land) after independence. After Haiti asked Money back in UN,2004 US and France orchestrated “a coup” against Haitian President Aristide150 million francs (reduced to 90 million francs) ChinaEight-Nation Alliance (Britain, Germany, Russia, France, Japan, U.S., Austria-Hungary, Italy)Boxer Indemnity after the Boxer Rebellion.450 million taels of silver (~$330 million USD) Germany (Post-WWI)Allied Powers (Britain, France, U.S., others)Reparations under the Treaty of Versailles after World War I.132 billion gold marks (~$33 billion USD) JapanPhilippines, Indonesia, Burma, othersReparations for damages caused during World War II.~$1.5 billion USD Germany (Post-WWII)Soviet Union, Israel, other…

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In this article, we’ll explore the top intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) in the world, ranked by their effective range. These powerful missiles play a pivotal role in global security and military strategy, highlighting the importance of understanding their capabilities. While technological advancements have enhanced missile systems, absolute safety is still a challenge. Let’s delve into the rankings and key features of the world’s most formidable ICBMs. 1. Russian R-36M (SS-18) “Satan” – Longest Range: 16,000 km The Russian R-36M (SS-18), also known as “Satan,” tops the list with an impressive range of 16,000 kilometers. Powered by a two-stage liquid rocket…

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What Are Pagers? Pagers, often referred to as beepers due to the sound they emit to notify users of incoming messages, are wireless communication devices that have been around since the late 1940s. While their popularity peaked in the 1990s, when they served as a primary means of communication, the rise of mobile phones led to a significant decline in demand. However, pagers remain an essential tool in specific sectors today, particularly in healthcare and emergency services. How Do Pagers Work? Pagers operate on radio frequencies, allowing them to receive messages sent from a base station or central dispatch. The…

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Cricket, one of the world’s most loved sports, has an incredible history and global appeal. Whether you’re a seasoned fan or just starting to learn the ropes, here are 15 fun facts about cricket that might surprise you! 1. Cricket: The Second Most Popular Sport Globally With around 2.5 billion fans worldwide, cricket is the second most popular sport on the planet. It’s especially beloved in India, Pakistan, Australia, and England. 2. Three Competitive Formats of Cricket There are three main formats of the game: Test matches, One-Day Internationals (ODIs), and T20 cricket. Test matches, the oldest form, last up…

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The rise of fake degrees has become a major concern for employers and educational institutions worldwide. With increasing job competition and societal pressures, many individuals resort to obtaining fraudulent credentials. Recent high-profile cases, such as the arrests in Delhi and Rajasthan, have highlighted the scope of this issue. In this article, we will explore how to detect fake degrees, the economic and career consequences of using them, and the effective methods to prevent degree fraud. The Growing Problem of Fake Degrees Fake degree fraud is a widespread problem that affects employers, educational institutions, and society. Fraudsters have become more sophisticated,…

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